\documentclass[reqno]{amsart}
\usepackage{hyperref}

\AtBeginDocument{{\noindent\small
\emph{Electronic Journal of Differential Equations},
Vol. 2016 (2016), No. 62, pp. 1--17.\newline
ISSN: 1072-6691. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu
\newline ftp ejde.math.txstate.edu}
\thanks{\copyright 2016 Texas State University.}
\vspace{9mm}}

\begin{document}
\title[\hfilneg EJDE-2016/62\hfil Pseudo almost periodic solutions]
{Pseudo almost periodic solutions for a Lasota-Wazewska model}

\author[S. Rihani, A. Kessab, F. Ch\'erif \hfil EJDE-2016/62\hfilneg]
{Samira Rihani, Amor Kessab, Farouk Ch\'erif}

\address{Samira Rihani \newline
Department of Mathematics, University Haouari Boumediene, 16 111
Bab-Ezzouar, Algeria}
\email{maths\_samdz@yahoo.fr}

\address{Amor Kessab \newline
Department of Mathematics, University Haouari Boumediene, 16 111
Bab-Ezzouar, Algeria}
\email{amorkes@yahoo.fr}

\address{Farouk Ch\'erif \newline
University of Sousse, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia}
\email{faroukcheriff@yahoo.fr}

\thanks{Submitted December 7, 2015. Published March 4, 2016.}
\subjclass[2010]{35B15, 47H10, 93A30}
\keywords{Lasota-Wazewska equation; pseudo almost periodic; mixed delays}

\begin{abstract}
 In this work, we consider a new model describing the survival of red blood
 cells in animals. Specifically, we study a class of Lasota-Wazewska equation
 with  pseudo almost  periodic varying environment and mixed delays. 
 By using the Banach fixed point theorem and some inequality analysis, we find
 sufficient conditions for the existence, uniqueness and  stability of solutions.
 We generalize some results known for one type of delay and for the 
 Lasota-Wazewska model with almost periodic and periodic coefficients.
 An example illustrates the proposed model.
\end{abstract}

\maketitle
\numberwithin{equation}{section}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
\newtheorem{remark}[theorem]{Remark}
\newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition}
\allowdisplaybreaks


\section{Introduction}

 In 1976 Wazewska and Lasota \cite{lazota} proposed the delay
logistic equation with one constant concentrated delay
\[
N'(t)=-\mu N(t) +pe^{-rN(t-\tau)}
\]
to describe the survival of red blood cells in an animal, where \ \ $N(t)$
denotes the number of red blood cells at time $t$, $\mu $ is the probability
of death of a red blood cell $p$ and $r$ are positive constants related to
the production of red blood cells per unit time and $\tau $ is the time
required to produce a red blood cell. See also \cite{kulenovic,kulenovic1}.

Under some additional assumptions, Gopalsamy and Trofimchuk
\cite{gopalsamy} obtained that the Lasota-Wazewska model with one discrete delay
\[
x'(t)  =  -\alpha (t) x(t)+\beta (t) e^{-\nu x(t-\tau ) }
\]
has a globally attractive almost periodic solution. In \cite{saker1}, the
existence the oscillations and the global attractivity of the unique
positive periodic solution of the following equation
\[
x'(t)  =  -\alpha (t) x(t) +\beta (t) e^{-ax(t-nT) }
\]
were discussed. In particular, by applying Mawhin's continuation theorem of
coincidence degree  \cite{gaines} several sufficient conditions were given
ensuring the existence of the periodic solution.
Here $a>0,\alpha (\cdot),\beta (\cdot )$ are positive periodic functions
of  a fixed period $T$
and $n$ is a positive integer. The authors investigated several results
regarding the oscillations and the global attractivity of existence of the
periodic solution.\ Besides, in the work \cite{huang} by Huang et al the
following delay differential equation with multiple time-varying delays and
almost periodic coefficients was considered
\[
x'(t)  =  -\alpha (t) x(t)
+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\beta _j(t) e^{-\gamma _j(
t) x(t-\tau _j(t) ) }.
\]
The authors employed the contraction mapping principle to obtain a positive
almost periodic solution.

Recently, Zhou et al  \cite{zhou} studied the problem of positive almost
periodic solutions for the generalized Lasota-Wazewska model with infinite
delays
\[
x'(t)  =  -\alpha (t) x(t)
+\sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(t) e^{-\omega _j(t)
\int_{-\infty }^{0}K_j(s)x(t+s) ds}.
\]
Under proper assumptions, the authors obtained a unique positive almost
periodic solution of the above model which is exponential stable by using
the method of a fixed point theorem in cones. Hence, the stability analysis
problem of the Lasota--Wazewska model with time delay has been attracted a
large amount of research  interest and many sufficient conditions have been
proposed to guarantee the  asymptotic or exponential stability for the
equation with various type of time delays: one discrete or time-varying or
distributed (see, for example, \cite{kulenovic,wang,stamov,liu,liu1,yan}).
As far as we know, in most
published papers, the analysis of  the Lasota-Wazewska model  has been
treated with only one kind of delays. Therefore, it is important and
challenging  to get some useful results with both multiple time-varying
delays and  distributed delays.

As we all know,  many phenomena in nature have oscillatory character and
their mathematical models have led to the introduction of  certain classes
of functions to describe them. Such a class form pseudo almost periodic
functions which a natural generalization of the concept of almost
periodicity (in Bochner's sense). These are functions on the real numbers
set that can be represented uniquely in the form $f=h+\varphi$, where $h$
(the principal term) is an almost periodic function and $\varphi $ (the
ergodic perturbation) a continuous function whose mean vanishes at infinity.
For more on the concepts of almost periodicity and/or pseudo almost
periodicity and related issues,  we refer the reader to
 \cite{dads,diagana,young,zha2,zha3, zha1}.


The aim here is to study the existence, uniqueness and stability of a
generalized Lasota-Wazewska model with pseudo almost periodic coefficients
and with mixed delays.  Roughly speaking, let us consider the following
differential equation
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
x'(t)  &=  -\alpha (t) x(t)
+\sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(t) e^{-\omega _j(t)
\int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x(s)ds}  \\
&\quad +\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i(t) e^{-\beta _i(t) x(t-\tau _i) }
\end{aligned} \label{e1.1}
\end{equation}
where $t\in \mathbb{R}$. The method  consists to reduce the existence of
the unique solution for the Lasota-Wazewska model \eqref{e1.1} to
the search for the existence of the unique fixed point of an appropriate
operator on the Banach space $PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$.

Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to study the existence and the
dynamics of the generalized Lasota-Wazewska model with mixed delays and
pseudo almost periodic coefficients.
However, to the author's best knowledge, there are no publications
considering the pseudo almost periodic solutions for Lasota-Wazewska model
with mixed delays.  Furthermore the model discussed in this paper is more
general than the one in
\cite{huang,kulenovic, liu1,liu, stamov,wang,yan,zhou}, since most
of them study  the Lasota-Wazewska model with almost periodic coefficients
or one kind of delays.

The remainder of this paper is organized as follows:
In Section $2$, we will introduce some necessary notations,
definitions and fundamental properties
of the space $PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^+)$ which will be used in the paper.
In Section $3$, based on different methods and analysis techniques and
provides several sufficient conditions ensuring the existence and uniqueness
of \ the pseudo almost periodic solution for the considered system. Section
$4$ is devoted to the stability of the pseudo almost periodic solution. In
section $5$,  based on suitable Lyapunov function and Dini derivative, we
give some sufficient conditions to ensure that all solutions converge
exponentially to the positive pseudo almost periodic solution of the
equation \eqref{e1.1}. At last, an illustrative example is given.

\section{Problem formulation and preliminaries}

We introduce notations, definitions and theorems which are used throughout
this paper. Let $BC(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$ be the set of bounded continued
functions from $\mathbb{R}$ to $\mathbb{R}$. Note that
$(BC(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}),| \cdot | _{\infty }) $ is a Banach
space where $| \cdot | _{\infty }$ denotes the sup norm
\[
| f| _{\infty }:=\sup_{t\in \mathbb{R}}|f(t) | .
\]
Throughout this paper, given a bounded continuous function $f$ defined on
$\mathbb{R}$, let $\overline{f}$ and $\underline{f}$ be defined as
\[
\overline{f}(t) =\sup_{t\in \mathbb{R}}f(t) , \quad
\underline{f}(t) =\inf_{t\in \mathbb{R}}f(t) ,
\]
\begin{itemize}
\item[(H1)]  The function $\alpha (\cdot ) $
is almost periodic and for all $t\in \mathbb{R}$,
$\alpha (t)\geq 0$.

\item[(H2)]  For all $1\leq j\leq m$ and $1\leq i\leq n$, the
functions $a_j,b_i,\beta _i,\omega _j:\mathbb{R\to R}
^{+} $ are pseudo almost periodic.

\item[(H3)]  $r=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}
\overline{\beta _i}+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega
_j}}{\underline{\alpha }}<1$.

\item[(H4)]  For all $1\leq j\leq m$, the delay kernels $K_j:
[ 0,+\infty ) \to \mathbb{R}^{+}$ are continuous,
integrable and
\[
\int_{0}^{\infty }K_j(u) =1,\quad
\int_{0}^{\infty}K_j(u) e^{\lambda u}du<+\infty ,
\]
where $\lambda $ is a sufficiently non negative small constant. Note
that
\[
\rho=\max_{1\leq j\leq m}\int_{0}^{\infty }K_j(u)e^{\lambda u}du.
\]
\end{itemize}

Let $\mu =\max_{1\leq j\leq m}\tau _j$. Denote by $BC(]
-\mu ,0] ,\mathbb{R}^{+}) $ the set of bounded continuous
functions from $] -\mu ,0] $ to $\mathbb{R}^{+}$. Notice that we
restrict our selves to $\mathbb{R}^{+}$-valued functions since only
non-negative solutions of \eqref{e1.2} are biologically meaningful. The initial
condition associated with system \eqref{e1.1} is of the form
\begin{equation}
x(s) =\varphi (s) ,\quad
\varphi \in BC(] -\mu,0] ,\mathbb{R}^{+}) .   \label{e1.2}
\end{equation}

\begin{definition} \label{def1} \rm
A continuous function $f:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}$ is said to be
\emph{almost periodic} (Bohr a.p.) if for each $\epsilon >0$, the set
\[
T(f,\epsilon )=\{ \tau \in \mathbb{R},| f(t+\tau )
-f(\tau ) | <\epsilon \text{ for all }t\in \mathbb{R}\}
\]
is relatively dense in $R$. In other words, there exists $l_{\epsilon }>0$
such that every interval of length $l_{\epsilon }$ contains at least one
point of $T(f,\epsilon )$.
\end{definition}

 The number $\tau $ above is called an $\epsilon $-translation
number of the function $f$ and the collection of all such functions will be
a Banach space under the sup norm which we denote $AP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$.
 We refer the reader to \cite{amerio} and \cite{cherif}
 for the basic theory of almost periodic functions and their
applications.
Define the class of functions $PAP_{0}(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}) $
as follows:
\[
\Big\{ f\in BC(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}) :\lim_{T\to
+\infty }\frac{1}{2T}\int_{-T}^{T}| f(t)| dt=0\Big\} .
\]
A function $f\in BC(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}) $ is called pseudo
almost periodic if it can be expressed as
\[
f=h+\varphi ,
\]
where $h\in AP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}) $ and
$\varphi \in PAP_{0}(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}) $. The collection of such
functions will be denoted by $PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}) $.

The functions $h$ and $\varphi $ in above definition are respectively called
the almost periodic component and the ergodic perturbation of the pseudo
almost periodic function $f$. The decomposition given in definition above is
unique.

\begin{remark} \label{rmk1} \rm
Observe that $(PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}),| \cdot |_{\infty }) $
is a Banach space and $AP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$ is a
proper subspace of $PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$ since the function
$\phi (t)=\sin ^{2}\pi t+\sin ^{2}\sqrt{5}t+e^{-t^{t}\cos ^{2}t}$ is pseudo almost
periodic function but not almost periodic \cite{cherif1}.
\end{remark}

\section{Existence and uniqueness of pseudo almost periodic solution}

As pointed out in the introduction, we shall give here sufficient conditions
which ensures existence and uniqueness of pseudo almost periodic solution of
$\eqref{e1.2}$. In order to prove this result, we will state the following lemmas.

\begin{lemma} \label{lem1}
For all $x(\cdot ) \in PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$, then the
function $x(\cdot +\kappa ) \in PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+}) $ for all
$\kappa \in \mathbb{R}$.
\end{lemma}

The proof of the above lemma can be done in same as in \cite{zha2, zha3,zha1}

\begin{lemma} \label{lem2}
If $\varphi ,\psi \in PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^+) $, then
$\varphi \times \psi \in PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^+) $
\end{lemma}

For a proof of the above lemma, see  \cite{zha2, zha3, zha1}.


\begin{lemma} \label{lem3}
For all $x(\cdot ) \in PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$ and all $1\leq j\leq m$,
the function $\phi _j:t\mapsto e^{-\omega _j(t)
\int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x(s) ds}$ belongs to $PAP(\mathbb{R}
,\mathbb{R}^{+})$.
\end{lemma}

\begin{proof}
First, by \cite[theorem 1]{ammar}, the function
\[
t\mapsto \int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x(s) ds
\]
 is pseudo almost periodic for all $1\leq j\leq m$. So by lemma \ref{lem2} the
function
\[
t\mapsto \omega _j(t) \int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x(s) ds
\]
is also pseudo almost periodic for all $1\leq j\leq m$. Also for all
$x,y\in \mathbb{R}^{+}$ one has
\[
| e^{-x}-e^{-y}| \leq | x-y| .
\]
Now, using the fact that the function $(x\mapsto e^{-x}) $
is Lipschitzian and Lemma \ref{lem1} and the composition theorem of pseudo-almost
periodic functions \cite{amir}, it is clear that the function
\[
\phi_j:t\mapsto e^{-\omega _j(t) \int_{-\infty
}^{t}K_j(t-s)x(s) ds}
\]
 belongs to $PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}
^{+})$ whenever $x\in PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$.
\end{proof}

The same approach gives the following result.

\begin{lemma} \label{lem4}
For all $x(\cdot ) \in PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$, the
function $\psi _i:t\mapsto e^{-\omega _j(t) x(t-\tau_i)}$ belongs to
$PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$ for all $1\leq i\leq n$.
\end{lemma}

\begin{theorem} \label{thm1}
Suppose that {\rm (H1), (H2)} satisfied. Define
the nonlinear operator $\Gamma $ for each $x \in PAP(\mathbb{R},
\mathbb{R}^{+})$ by
\begin{align*}
(\Gamma x )(t)
&=\int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha
(\xi ) d\xi }\Big[ \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i(s)
e^{-\beta _i(s) x(s-\tau _i) }  \\
&\quad + \sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(s) e^{-\omega _j(
s) \int_{-\infty }^{s}K_j(s-\sigma )x(\sigma ) d\sigma }
\Big] ds
\end{align*}
Then $\Gamma $ maps $PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$ into itself.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
First, let us check that $\Gamma $ is well defined. Indeed,
by Lemma \ref{lem1}, for all $\varphi (\cdot ) \in PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}
^{+})$ the function $T_{h}(x) =x(\cdot -h) \in PAP(
\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$ since
$PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$ is a
translation invariant closed subspace of $BC(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$.
Further, by the composition theorem of pseudo almost periodic functions
(see for example \cite{amir}) $\xi \mapsto x(s+\xi )
e^{-x(\xi +s) }$ is in $PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$. So, the
function
\[
\chi (s) =\Big[ \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i
(s) e^{-\beta _i(s) x(s-\tau _i)}
+ \sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(s) e^{-\omega _j(
s) \int_{-\infty }^{s}K_j(t-\sigma )x(\sigma ) d\sigma } \Big] ds
\]
belongs to $PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$. Consequently we can write
$\chi =\chi _1+\chi _2$,
where $\chi _1\in AP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$ and
$\chi _2\in PAP_{0}( \mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$. So, one can write
\begin{align*}
(\Gamma \chi )(t)
:&=\int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi ) d\xi }\chi (s) ds \\
&=\int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi) d\xi }\chi _1(s) ds
+\int_{-\infty}^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi ) d\xi }\chi _2(
s) ds \\
&=(\Gamma \chi _1)(t)+(\Gamma \chi _2)(t)
\end{align*}
Let  us prove that $t\to (\Gamma \chi
_1)(t):=\int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi
) d\xi }\chi _1(s) ds$ is almost periodic. Let us
consider, in view of the almost periodicity of the functions $\alpha $
and $\chi _1$, a number $l_{\epsilon }$ such that in any interval
$[\delta ,\delta +l_{\epsilon }] $ one finds a number $h$, such that
\[
\sup_{\xi \in \mathbb{R}}| \alpha (\xi +h) -\alpha (\xi
)| <\epsilon \quad\text{and}\quad
\sup_{\xi \in \mathbb{R}}| \chi _1(\xi +h) -\chi _1(\xi )| <\epsilon .
\]
\begin{align*}
&(\Gamma \chi _1)(t+h)-(\Gamma \chi _1)(t) \\
&=\int_{-\infty }^{t+h}e^{-\int_{s}^{t+h}\alpha (\xi ) d\xi }\chi
_1(s) ds-\int_{-\infty
}^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi ) d\xi }\chi _1(
s) ds \\
&= \int_{-\infty }^{t+h}e^{-\int_{s-h}^{t}\alpha (\xi
+h) d\xi }\chi _1(s) ds-\int_{-\infty
}^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi ) d\xi }\chi _1(
s) ds \\
&=\int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-\int_{u}^{t}\alpha (\xi
+h) d\xi }\chi _1(u+h) du-\int_{-\infty
}^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi ) d\xi }\chi _1(
s) ds \\
&= \int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi
+h) d\xi }\chi _1(s+h) ds-\int_{-\infty
}^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi ) d\xi }\chi _1(
s+h) ds \\
&\quad +\int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi
) d\xi }\chi _1(s+h) ds-\int_{-\infty
}^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi ) d\xi }\chi _1(s) ds
\end{align*}
So there exists $\theta \in ] 0,1[ $ such that
\begin{align*}
&| (\Gamma \chi _1)(t+h)-(\Gamma \chi _1)(t)|\\
&\leq | \chi _1| _{\infty }\int_{-\infty
}^{t}\big| e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi +h) d\xi
}-e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi ) d\xi }\big| ds\\
&\quad +\int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi
) d\xi }| \chi _1(s+h) -\chi _1(s) | ds \\
&\leq | \chi _1| _{\infty }\int_{-\infty
}^{t}\Big\{ e^{-\big[ \int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi +h) d\xi
+\theta (\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi ) d\xi
-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi +h) d\xi ) \big] }\\
&\quad\times \Big| \int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi +h)
d\xi -\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi ) d\xi \Big|
ds\Big\} +\epsilon \int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-(t-s)
\underline{\alpha }}ds \\
&\leq | \chi _1| _{\infty }\int_{-\infty
}^{t}\Big\{ e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi +h) d\xi
}e^{-\theta (\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi ) d\xi
-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi +h) d\xi ) }
\big| \int_{s}^{t}| \alpha (\xi
+h) -\alpha (\xi ) \big| d\xi | ds\Big\}\\
&\quad +\epsilon \int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-(t-s) \underline{\alpha }}ds \\
&\leq | \chi _1| _{\infty }\int_{-\infty }^{t}
\big[ e^{-(t-s)\underline{\alpha } }\,e^{-\theta \epsilon
(t-s) }\epsilon (t-s) \big] ds+\epsilon
\int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-(t-s) \underline{\alpha }}ds \\
&\leq \epsilon | \chi _1| _{\infty
}\int_{-\infty }^{t}\big[ \epsilon e^{-(t-s)\underline{
\alpha } }(t-s) \big] ds
+\epsilon \int_{-\infty}^{t}e^{-(t-s) \underline{\alpha }}ds \\
&\leq \frac{\epsilon | \chi _1| _{\infty }}{\underline{
\alpha }^{2}}+\epsilon \int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-(t-s)
\underline{\alpha }}ds \\
&\leq \frac{\epsilon | \chi _1| _{\infty }}{\underline{
\alpha }^{2}}+\frac{\epsilon }{\underline{\alpha }}
=\Big(\frac{|\chi _1| _{\infty }}{\underline{\alpha }^{2}}+\frac{1}{
\underline{\alpha }}\Big) \epsilon .
\end{align*}
Consequently, the function $(\Gamma \chi _1)$ belongs to
$AP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$. Now, let us show that $(\Gamma \chi _2)$
belongs to $PAP_{0}(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$.
\begin{align*}
&\lim_{T\to +\infty }\frac{1}{2T}\int_{-T}^{T}
\big| \int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi
) d\xi }\chi _2(s) ds\big| dt\\
&\leq \lim_{T\to +\infty }\frac{1}{2T}\int_{-T}^{T}\int
_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi ) d\xi
}| \chi _2(s) | dsdt \\
&\leq \lim_{T\to +\infty }\frac{1}{2T}\int_{-T}^{T}
\Big(\int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-(t-s)\underline{\alpha }
}| \chi _2(s) | ds\Big) dt \\
&\leq I_1+I_2
\end{align*}
where
\begin{gather*}
I_1=\lim_{T\to +\infty }\frac{1}{2T}\int_{-T}^{T}\Big(
\int_{-T}^{t}e^{-(t-s)\underline{\alpha } }|
\chi _2(s) | ds\big) dt, \\
I_2=\lim_{T\to +\infty }\frac{1}{2T}\int_{-T}^{T}\Big(
\int_{-\infty }^{-T}e^{-(t-s)\underline{\alpha }
}| \chi _2(s) | ds\Big)\,dt .
\end{gather*}
Now, we shall prove that $I_1=I_2=0$
\begin{align*}
\frac{1}{2T}\int_{-T}^{T}\Big(\int_{-T}^{t}|
e^{-(t-s) \underline{\alpha }}\chi _2(s)
| ds\Big) dt
&=\frac{1}{2T}\int_{-T}^{T}\Big(
\int_{-T}^{t}e^{-(t-s)\underline{\alpha } }|
\chi _2(s) | ds\Big) dt \\
&\leq \frac{1}{2T}\int_{-T}^{T}\Big(\int_{0}^{+\infty }e^{-
\underline{\alpha }\xi }| \chi _2(t-\xi ) |d\xi \Big) dt
\\
&=\int_{0}^{+\infty }e^{-\underline{\alpha }\xi }\Big(\frac{1}{2T}
\int_{-T}^{T}| \chi _2(t-\xi ) |dt\Big) d\xi
\\
&\leq \int_{0}^{+\infty }e^{-\underline{\alpha }\xi }\Big(\frac{1}{
2T}\int_{-T-\xi }^{T-\xi }| \chi _2(u)| du\Big) d\xi \\
&\leq \int_{0}^{+\infty }e^{-\underline{\alpha }\xi }\Big(\frac{1}{
2T}\int_{-T-\xi }^{T+\xi }| \chi _2(u)| du\Big) d\xi
\end{align*}
Since the function $\chi_2(\cdot ) \in PAP_{0}(\mathbb{R},
\mathbb{R}^{+}) $, the function $\phi _{T}$ defined by
\[
\phi _{T}(\xi ) =\frac{T+\xi }{T}\frac{1}{2(T+\xi ) }
\int_{-T-\xi }^{T+\xi }| \chi _2(u)| du
\]
is bounded and satisfy $\lim_{T\to +\infty }\phi _{T}(\xi ) =0$.
Consequently, by the Lebesgue dominated convergence theorem, we obtain
\[
I_1=\lim_{T\to +\infty }\frac{1}{2T}\int_{-T}^{T}
\Big(\int_{-T}^{t}| e^{-(t-s) \underline{
\alpha }}\chi _2(s) | ds\Big) dt=0.
\]
On the other hand, notice that $| \chi _2| _{\infty
}=\sup_{t\in \mathbb{R}}| \chi _2(t)
| <\infty $, then
\begin{align*}
I_2 &=\lim_{T\to +\infty }\frac{1}{2T}\int_{-T}^{T}
\Big(\int_{-\infty }^{-T}| e^{-(t-s)\underline{
\alpha } }\chi _2(s) | ds\Big) dt \\
&=\lim_{T\to +\infty }\frac{1}{2T}\int_{-T}^{T}\Big(
\int_{-\infty }^{-T}e^{-(t-s)\underline{\alpha }
}| \chi _2(s) | ds\Big) dt \\
&\leq \lim_{T\to +\infty }\frac{\sup_{t\in \mathbb{R}
}| \chi _2(t) | }{2T}\int_{-T}^{T}
\Big( \int_{t+T}^{+\infty }e^{-\underline{\alpha }\xi }d\xi
\Big) dt \\
&=\lim_{T\to +\infty }\frac{\sup_{t\in \mathbb{R}
}| \chi _2(t) | }{2T}\frac{1}{\underline{
\alpha }}e^{-\underline{\alpha }T}\int_{-T}^{T}e^{-\underline{\alpha }
\,t }dt \\
&=\lim_{T\to +\infty }\frac{\sup_{t\in \mathbb{R}
}| \chi _2(t) | }{2T}\frac{1}{\underline{
\alpha }^{2}}e^{-\underline{\alpha }T}[ -e^{-\underline{\alpha }T}+e^{
\underline{\alpha }T}] \\
&\leq \lim_{T\to +\infty }\frac{\sup_{t\in \mathbb{R}
}| \chi _2(t) | }{2T}\frac{1}{\underline{
\alpha }^{2}}[ 1-e^{-2\underline{\alpha }T}]
=0
\end{align*}
Consequently, $(\Gamma \chi _2) $ belongs to $PAP_{0}(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$.
\end{proof}

\begin{theorem} \label{thm2}
Suppose that  {\rm (H1)--(H4)} hold then the Lasota-Wazewska
model with mixed delays  \eqref{e1.1}
possess a unique pseudo almost periodic solution in the region
\[
\mathcal{B}=\{ \psi \in PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+}),R_1\leq
| \psi | \leq R_2\} ,
\]
where
\begin{gather*}
R_2=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}+\sum_{j=1}^{m}
\overline{a_j}}{\underline{\alpha }}, \\
R_1=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\underline{b_i}e^{-\overline{\beta _i}
R_2}+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\underline{a_j}e^{-\overline{\omega _j}R_2}
}{\overline{\alpha }}.
\end{gather*}
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
First, let us prove that the operator $\Gamma $ is a mapping from
$\mathcal{B}$ to $\mathcal{B}$. In fact,
\begin{align*}
| (\Gamma x)(t)|
&= \int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi ) d\xi }\Big[
\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i(s) e^{-\beta _i(s)
x(s-\tau _i) } \\
&\quad + \sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(s) e^{-\omega _j(s)
\int_{-\infty }^{s}K_j(t-\sigma )x(\sigma ) d\sigma }\Big] ds \\
&\leq \int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi
) d\xi }\Big(\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i(s)
+\sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(s) \Big) ds \\
&\leq \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}+\sum_{j=1}^{m}
\overline{a_j}}{\underline{\alpha }}
\end{align*}
and
\begin{align*}
| (\Gamma x)(t)|
&= \int_{-\infty
}^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi ) d\xi }\Big[
\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i(s) e^{-\beta _i(s)
x(s-\tau _i) }\\
&\quad+ \sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(s) e^{-\omega _j(
s) \int_{-\infty }^{s}K_j(t-\sigma )x(\sigma ) d\sigma }
\Big] ds \\
&\geq \int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi
) d\xi }\Big(\sum_{i=1}^{n}\underline{b_i}e^{-\overline{
\beta _i}R_2}+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\underline{a_j}e^{-\overline{\omega
_j}R_2}\Big) ds \\
&\geq \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\underline{b_i}e^{-\overline{\beta _i}
R_2}+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\underline{a_j}e^{-\overline{\omega _j}R_2}
}{\overline{\alpha }},
\end{align*}
which implies that the operator $\Gamma $ is a mapping
from $\mathcal{B} $ to $\mathcal{B}$.
 To end the proof it suffice to prove that $\Gamma $ is
a contraction mapping. Obviously, for $u,v\in[ 0,+\infty [ $
\[
| e^{-u}-e^{-v}| <| u-v|
\]
Let $x,y\in \mathcal{B}$. Then
\begin{align*}
&| (\Gamma x)(t)-(\Gamma y)(t)|\\
&=\Big|
\int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi )
d\xi }\Big[ \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i(s) e^{-\beta _i(
s) x(s-\tau _i) } \\
&\quad + \sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(s) e^{-\omega _j(
s) \int_{-\infty }^{s}K_j(s-\sigma )x(\sigma ) d\sigma }
\Big] ds \\
&\quad -\int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi
) d\xi }\Big[ \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i(s) e^{-\beta
_i(s) y(s-\tau _i) }  \\
&\quad  - \sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(s) e^{-\omega
_j(s) \int_{-\infty }^{s}K_j(s-\sigma )x(\sigma
) d\sigma }\Big] ds\Big| \\
&\leq \sup_{t\in \mathbb{R}}\int_{-\infty
}^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha (\xi ) d\xi }\Big[
\sum_{i=1}^{n}| b_i(s) | \big|
e^{-\beta _i(s) x(s-\tau _i) }-e^{-\beta
_i(s) y(s-\tau _i) }\big|  \\
&\quad  +\sum_{j=1}^{m}| a_j(s) |
\big| e^{-\omega _j(s) \int_{-\infty }^{s}K_j(s-\sigma
)x(\sigma ) d\sigma }-e^{-\omega _j(s)
\int_{-\infty }^{s}K_j(s-\sigma )y(\sigma ) d\sigma
}\big| \Big] \\
&\leq \sup_{t\in \mathbb{R}}\int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-(
t-s)\underline{ \alpha } }\Big[ \sum_{i=1}^{n}|
b_i(s) | \| \beta _i(
s) \| | x-y| _{\infty }
\\
&\quad + \sum_{j=1}^{m}| a_j(s) |
| \omega _j(s) | | \int_{-\infty
}^{s}K_j(s-\sigma )(x(\sigma ) -y(\sigma )
) d\sigma | \Big] ds \\
&\leq \sup_{t\in \mathbb{R}}\int_{-\infty }^{t}e^{-(
t-s) \underline{\alpha } }\Big[ \sum_{i=1}^{n}|
b_i(s) | \| \beta _i(s) \| +\sum_{j=1}^{m}|
a_j(s) |\,| \omega _j(s)
| \Big] ds| x-y| _{\infty } \\
&\leq \Big[ \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}\overline{\beta _i
}+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}}{\underline{
\alpha }}\Big] | x-y| _{\infty }
\end{align*}
which implies that the mapping $\Gamma $ is a contraction mapping of
$\mathcal{B}$. Consequently, $\Gamma $ possess a unique fixed point
$x^{_{\ast }}$ $\in \mathcal{B}$ that is
$\Gamma (x^{_{\ast }})=x^{_{\ast }}$. Hence, $x^{_{\ast }}$ is
the unique pseudo almost periodic solution of \eqref{e1.1}  in $\mathcal{B}$.
\end{proof}

\section{Global attractivity of the pseudo almost periodic solution}

Let $x^{\ast }(\cdot ) $ the pseudo almost periodic solution in
Theorem \ref{thm2} and $x(\cdot ) $ be an arbitrary solution of \eqref{e1.1}.
So, one has
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
x^{\ast} {}'(t)
& =  -\alpha (t) x^{\ast }(t) +\sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(t) e^{-\omega
_j(t) \int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x^{\ast }(s) ds}\\
&\quad +\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i(t) e^{-\beta _i(t) x^{\ast }(t-\tau _i) }
\end{aligned}  \label{e1.3}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{align*}
x'(t)
& =  -\alpha (t) x(t) +\sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(t) e^{-\omega _j(t)
\int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x(s)ds}
 +\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i(t) e^{-\beta _i(t) x(t-\tau _i) }
\end{align*}
Let us set, $z(\cdot ) =x(\cdot ) -x^{\ast}(\cdot ) $. Consequently, we obtain
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
z'(t) & =  -\alpha (t) z(t) +\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i(t) [ e^{-\beta _i(
t) x(t-\tau _i) }-e^{-\beta _i(t) x^{\ast
}(t-\tau _i) }] \\
&\quad +\sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(t) \big[ e^{-\omega _j(
t) \int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x(s) ds}-e^{-\omega
_j(t) \int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x^{\ast }(s) ds}
\big]
\end{aligned}   \label{e1.4}
\end{equation}
Clearly, the pseudo almost periodic solution $x^{\ast }(\cdot ) $
of system $\eqref{e1.1}$ is global attractivity if and only if the equilibrium
point $O$ of system $\eqref{e1.4}$ is global attractive. So let us study the global
attractivity of the equilibrium point $O$ for system \eqref{e1.4}.

\begin{theorem} \label{thm3}
Suppose that assumptions {\rm (H1)--(H4)} hold. Then the equilibrium point
$O$ of the nonlinear system \eqref{e1.4} is global attractive.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
First, let us prove that the solution of system \eqref{e1.4} are uniformly
bounded. In other words, there exists $M>0$ such that for all $t\geq 0$ one
has $| z(t)| \leq M$.
By  assumption (H3), $1-r>0$. So for any given
continuous function $\theta (\cdot ) $, there exists a large
number $M>0$, such that
\[
| \theta | <M\quad \text{and}\quad (1-r) M>0.
\]
Let $\kappa $ a real number, $\kappa <1$. We shall prove that for all
$t\geq 0$, $| z(t)| \leq \kappa M$. Suppose the contrary, then
there must be some $t'>0$, such that
\begin{gather*}
|z(t')|  =  \kappa M   \\
|z(t)|  <  \kappa M, \quad 0\leq t\leq t'
\end{gather*}
In view of  (H3), (H4) and  the
equation \eqref{e1.1}, we have
\begin{align*}
| z(t') |
&\leq \Big\{ |
\theta (0) | e^{-\int_{0}^{t'}\alpha
(u) du}+\int_{0}^{t'}e^{-\int_{s}^{t'}\alpha (u) du}\Big(
\sum_{i=1}^{n}| b_i(s) | |
\beta _i| | z| _{\infty } \\
&\quad + \sum_{j=1}^{m}| a_j(s)
| | \omega _j| | z|
_{\infty }\Big) ds\Big\} \\
&\leq | \theta (0) | e^{-\underline{\alpha }
t' }+| z(s) | _{\infty}\int_{0}^{t'}e^{-(t'-s)\underline{
\alpha } }\Big(\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}\overline{\beta _i}
+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}\Big)\,ds \\
&\leq \kappa M\int_{0}^{t'}e^{-(t'-s)
\underline{\alpha } }\Big(\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}\overline{
\beta _i}+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}
\Big) ds+\kappa Me^{-\underline{\alpha }t'} \\
&\leq  \kappa M\Big\{e^{-\underline{\alpha }t'}+\frac{1}{
\underline{\alpha }}\Big[ \sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}\overline{
\beta _i}+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}
\Big] (1-e^{-\underline{\alpha }t'}) \Big\} \\
&\leq \kappa M\Big\{ e^{-\underline{\alpha }t'}+\frac{1}{
\underline{\alpha }}\Big[ \sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}\overline{
\beta _i}+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}
\Big] \Big\} \\
< \kappa M,
\end{align*}
which gives a contradiction. Consequently, for all $t\geq 0$,
$|z(t)| \leq \kappa M$. Let us take $\kappa \to 1$, then for all $t\geq 0$,
$| z(t)| \leq M$. Thus, there is a constant $\beta \geq 0$, such that
\[
\limsup_{t\to +\infty }| z(t)| =\beta .
\]
It follows that
\[
\forall \epsilon >0,\exists t_2<0,\forall t,\; (t\geq
t_2\Rightarrow | z(t)| \leq (1+\epsilon) \beta ) .
\]
\begin{align*}
\dot {z}(t) +\alpha (t) z(t)
&= \sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i(t) \big[ e^{-\beta _i(
t) x(t-\tau _i) }-e^{-\beta _i(t) x^{\ast
}(t-\tau _i) }\big] \\
&\quad +\sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(t) \big[ e^{-\omega _j(
t) \int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x(s) ds}-e^{-\omega
_j(t) \int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x^{\ast }(s) ds}
\big] \\
&\leq \sum_{i=1}^{n}| \beta _i(t) |
\overline{b_i}| z(t-\tau _i) |
+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}|
z(t) | _{\infty } \\
&\leq \Big(\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{\beta _i}\overline{b_i}
+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}\Big)
| z(t)| _{\infty } \\
&\leq \Big(\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{\beta _i}\overline{b_i}
+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}\Big) (
1+\epsilon ) \beta .
\end{align*}
So, through  integration, we obtain the inequality
\begin{align*}
&| z(t) | \\
&\leq \Big\{ \Big(
\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{\beta _i}\overline{b_i}
+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}\Big)
(1+\epsilon ) \beta \Big\}
\int_{0}^{t}e^{-\int_{s}^{t}\alpha(u) du}ds
+| \theta (0) |
e^{-\int_{0}^{t}\alpha (u) du} \\
&\leq \Big\{ \Big(\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{\beta _i}\overline{
b_i}+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}\Big)
(1+\epsilon ) \beta \Big\} \int_{0}^{t}e^{-\underline{
\alpha}(t-s) }ds
+| \theta | _{\infty }e^{-\underline{\alpha }t} \\
&\leq | \theta | _{\infty }e^{-\underline{\alpha }
t}+\Big(\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{\beta _i}\overline{b_i}
+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}}{\underline{
\alpha _i}}\Big) (1+\epsilon ) \beta (1-e^{-\underline{
\alpha }t}) .
\end{align*}
Hence,
\[
| z(t)| \leq \max_{1\leq i\leq n}\Big[ | \theta
| _{\infty }e^{-\underline{\alpha }t}+\Big(\frac{
\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{\beta _i}\overline{b_i}
+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}}{\underline{
\alpha _i}}\Big) (1+\epsilon ) \beta (1-e^{-\underline{
\alpha }t}) \Big] .
\]
In particular, by passing to the limit superior we obtain
\[
\limsup_{t\to +\infty }| z(t)| \leq [ r(1+\epsilon ) \beta ]
\]
In other words,
$\beta \leq r(1+\epsilon ) \beta$
Passing to limit when $\epsilon \to 0$, we obtain
\[
\beta (1-r) \leq 0
\]
By condition (H4), we obtain $\beta =0$ which imply that
\[
\lim_{t\to +\infty }| z(t)|
=\lim_{t\to +\infty }| x(t) -x^{\ast}(t) | =0
\]
and consequently the proof complete.
\end{proof}

\section{Exponential stability of the pseudo almost periodic solution}

Next, we give some sufficient conditions to ensure that all solutions
converge exponentially to the positive pseudo almost periodic solution
 $x^{\ast }$ of the equation \eqref{e1.1}.

\begin{definition}[\cite{hale}] \label{def2} \rm
 Let $V:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}$ be a continuous
function. Then
\[
\frac{D^{+}V(t)}{dt}=\limsup_{h\to 0^{+}}\frac{V(t+h) -V(t) }{h}
\]
\end{definition}

\begin{remark} \label{rmk2} \rm
The upper-right Dini derivative of $| V(t)| $ is
\[
\frac{D^{+}V| y(t)| }{dt}=\operatorname{sign}(V(t)) \frac{dV(t) }{dt}
\]
where $\operatorname{sign}(\cdot ) $ is the signum function.
\end{remark}

\begin{theorem} \label{thm4}
Let
\begin{equation}
\underline{\alpha }-e^{\lambda \mu }\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}
\overline{\beta _i}-\rho \sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{
\omega _j}>0.   \label{eH5}
\end{equation}
Suppose that all conditions of Theorem \ref{thm2} are satisfied.
Then \eqref{e1.1} has exactly one pseudo almost periodic solution
 $x^{\ast }$ in $\mathcal{B}$. Moreover,  $x^{\ast }(\cdot) $ is locally
exponentially stable, the domain of attraction of $x^{\ast }(\cdot ) $
is the set
\[
\mathcal{D}(x^{\ast }) =\big\{ \varphi \in BC([ -\mu,0] ,\mathbb{R}) ,\,
| \varphi -x^{\ast }| _1:=\sup_{-\mu \leq s\leq 0}| \varphi (
s) -x_{\mu }^{\ast }(s) | <1\big\} .
\]
Namely,  there exists a constant $\lambda >0$  and $M>1$ such that for
any solution $x(\cdot ) $ of \eqref{e1.1} in $\mathcal{B}$
 with initial value $\varphi \in \mathcal{D}(x^{\ast }) $ and
for all $t>0$ we have
\[
| x(t) -x^{\ast }(t) | \leq
M\sup_{-\mu \leq s\leq 0}| \varphi (s) -x_{\mu
}^{\ast }(s) | e^{-\lambda t},
\]
where $x_{\mu }^{\ast }(s) =x^{\ast }(s) $ for all $
s\in [-\mu ,0] $.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
From Theorem \ref{thm2}, system \eqref{e1.1} has exactly one  pseudo almost periodic
solution $x^{\ast }\cdot \mathcal{B}$. Let $x(\cdot ) $ be an
arbitrary solution of \eqref{e1.1}  with initial value $\varphi $.
Let $y(\cdot ) =x(t) -x^{\ast }(t) $,
then
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
y'(t) &=\frac{d(x(t) -x^{\ast }(t) ) }{dt}\\
&=-\alpha (t) (x(t)-x^{\ast }(t) )
+\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i(t) \big[ e^{-\beta _i(
t) x(t-\tau _i) }-e^{-\beta _i(t) x^{\ast}(t-\tau _i) }\big] \\
&\quad +\sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(t) \big[ e^{-\omega _j(
t) \int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x(s) ds}-e^{-\omega
_j(t) \int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x^{\ast }(s) ds}\big] .
\end{aligned}  \label{e1.5}
\end{equation}
Define a continuous function $g$ by setting
\[
g_{\rho }(\xi )=-(\underline{\alpha }-\xi ) +e^{\lambda \mu
}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}\overline{\beta _i}+\rho
\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j},\text{ }\xi \in
[ 0,1]
\]
By (H5) one has
$g_{\rho }(0)<0$
which implies that we can choose a positive constant
 $\lambda \in ] 0,1] $ such that
\[
g_{\rho }(\lambda )=-(\underline{\alpha }-\lambda ) +e^{\lambda
\mu }\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}\overline{\beta _i}+\rho
\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}<0
\]
We consider the Lyapunov functional
$V:\mathbb{R}\to BC(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+})$
\[
V(t)t= y(t)e^{\lambda t}=| x(t) -x^{_{\ast}}(t) | e^{\lambda t}
\]
Let us calculate the upper right Dini derivative $D^{+}V$ of $V$ along the
solution of the equation \eqref{e1.5} with the initial value
$\widetilde{\varphi }=\varphi -x_{\mu }^{\ast }$ . Then  for
all $t>t_{0}$,
\begin{align*}
D^{+}V(t)
&\leq -\alpha (t) | y(t)| e^{\lambda t}+\lambda | y(t)| e^{\lambda t}
+\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i(t) | e^{-\beta _i(
t) x(t-\tau _i) }-e^{-\beta _i(t) x^{\ast
}(t-\tau _i) }| e^{\lambda t} \\
&\quad +\sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(t) \big| e^{-\omega _j(
t) \int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x(s) ds}-e^{-\omega
_j(t) \int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x^{\ast }(s)
ds}\big| e^{\lambda t} \\
&\leq (-\alpha (t) +\lambda ) |
z(t)| e^{\lambda t}
+\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i(t) | e^{-\beta _i(
t) x(t-\tau _i) }-e^{-\beta _i(t) x^{\ast
}(t-\tau _i) }| e^{\lambda t} \\
&\quad +\sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(t) \big| e^{-\omega _j(
t) \int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x(s) ds}-e^{-\omega
_j(t) \int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x^{\ast }(s)
ds}\big| e^{\lambda t}
\end{align*}
Set
\[
| \varphi -x^{\ast }| _1
=\sup_{-\mu \leq s\leq 0}| \varphi (s) -x_{\mu }^{\ast }(s)| >0.
\]
Since $| \varphi -x^{\ast }| _1<1$, one can choose a
positive constant $M>1$ such that
\[
M| \varphi -x^{\ast }| _1<1,
\]
consequently,
\[
(M| \varphi -x^{\ast }| _1)^{2}<M| \varphi -x^{\ast }| _1
\]
It follows from the definition of the Lyapunov function that for all $t\in
[ -\mu ,0] $,
\[
V(t)=| y(t)| e^{\lambda t}<M| \varphi -x^{\ast
}| _1.
\]
Let us prove that for all $t>0$
\[
V(t)=| y(t)| e^{\lambda t}<M| \varphi -x^{\ast}| _1.
\]
We shall give a proof by contradiction. Suppose the contrary. There exists
$t'>0$ such that
\begin{gather*}
V(t') =  M| \varphi -x^{\ast }| _1   \\
V(t)  <  M| \varphi -x^{\ast }| _1, \quad -\infty <t<t'
\end{gather*}
Consequently, one can write
\begin{align*}
0&\leq D^{+}(V(t')-M| \varphi -x^{\ast }|_1) =D^{+}(V(t')) \\
&\leq (-\alpha (t') +\lambda ) | y(t')| e^{\lambda t'}
+\sum_{i=1}^{n}b_i(t') | e^{-\beta_i(t') x(t'-\tau _i)
}-e^{-\beta _i(t') x^{\ast }(t'-\tau _i) }| e^{\lambda t'} \\
&\quad +\sum_{j=1}^{m}a_j(t') \big| e^{-\omega
_j(t') \int_{-\infty }^{t'}K_j(t'-s)x(s) ds}-e^{-\omega _j(t')
\int_{-\infty }^{t'}K_j(t'-s)x^{\ast }(s) ds}\big| e^{\lambda t'} \\
&\leq (-\alpha (t') +\lambda ) | y(t')| e^{\lambda t'}
+e^{\lambda \tau _i}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}\overline{\beta
_i}| y(t'-\tau _i) | e^{\lambda (t'-\tau _i) } \\
&\quad +\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}|
\int_{-\infty }^{0}K_j(s)| y(t'+s)
| e^{\lambda (s+t') }e^{-\lambda s}ds| \\
&\leq (-\underline{\alpha }+\lambda ) V(t')
+e^{\lambda \mu }\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}\overline{\beta _i}
V(t'-\tau _i) \\
&\quad +\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}|
\int_{-\infty }^{0}K_j(s)| V(t'+s)
| e^{-\lambda s}ds| \\
&\leq (-\underline{\alpha }+\lambda ) V(t')
+Me^{\lambda \tau _i}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}\overline{\beta_i}
+M\rho \sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j} \\
&=\Big((-\underline{\alpha }+\lambda ) +e^{\lambda \mu
}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}\overline{\beta _i}+\rho
\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}\Big)
M| \varphi -x^{\ast }| _1
\end{align*}
Thus, we obtain
\[
(-\underline{\alpha }+\lambda ) +e^{\lambda \mu
}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}\overline{\beta _i}+\rho
\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}>0
\]
which contradicts (H5) that for all $t>0$,
\[
V(t)=| y(t)| e^{\lambda t}<M| \varphi -x^{\ast}| _1.
\]
and consequently for all $t>0$ we have
\[
| x(t) -x^{\ast }(t) |
\leq M\sup_{-\mu \leq s\leq 0}| \varphi (s) -x^{\ast
}(s) | e^{-\lambda t}.
\]
\end{proof}

\section{Discussions and applications}

The most universal methods to periodic Lasota-Wazewska models
with or without impulsives are Mawhin's continuous
theorem \cite{gaines}.

Until now, most articles investigated Lasota-Wazewska model with
the almost periodically varying coefficients and constant delay by using
some well known fixed point theorems. There are rarely articles considering
Lasota-Wazewska model with varying delays.  Nevertheless, the use of a
time-dependent delay has some constraints, in particular, for
Lasota-Wazewska model  since the mapping constructed in the proof may be
not self-mapping. The main difficulty, is that if $f(\cdot ) $
is pseudo almost periodic functions then the function
$g(\cdot-f(\cdot ) ) $ may be not an pseudo almost periodic.


Now, let us compare our results with previous works.
When we let
\[
a_j(\cdot ) =0\text{ and }\tau _j=\tau _j(t) \quad\text{for all }1\leq j\leq m,
\]
the model \eqref{e1.1}  is the one investigated in \cite{huang} and
recently by Wang et al \cite{wang}. Also, when for all $1\leq i\leq n$,
$ b_i(\cdot ) =0$ system \eqref{e1.1} can be reduced to the model of
the recent paper by \cite{zhou}.
 Stamov \cite{stamov} also analyzed the existence and uniqueness of almost
periodic solution for impulsive Lasota-Wazewska model with only one constant delay.
Hence, our results can be see as a generalization and improvement of
\cite{huang,wang,zhou} since in the cited papers the authors considered the
periodic case and the almost periodic case. Further,
 to our best knowledge, there are no publications considering the pseudo almost
periodic solutions for Lasota-Wazewska model.
 Notice that the pseudo almost periodicity is without importance in the proof
of the above theorems;
in particular Theorems \ref{thm3} and \ref{thm4}. because of the difference in the methods
discussed, the results in this paper and those in the above references are
different.  In this paper, the delays $\tau _j$, $1\leq j\leq m$ are
constant functions.


The main advantages of the present work include:
\begin{itemize}
\item[(i)] it deals with pseudo almost periodic functions which contains
strictly the set of almost periodic functions;

\item[(ii)] it considers both infinite delays \cite{zhou} and multiple
time-varying delays \cite{huang}.
\end{itemize}

Let us remark that our analysis is still applied without difficulty to the
space of pseudo almost automorphic functions. Consequently, one can
establish easily the analogue of the main results of this paper
 (Theorems \ref{thm1} and \ref{thm2}). Notice that pseudo almost automorphic functions
\cite{guerekata,xiao}  arise particularly in the study of the
long-term behavior of solutions of evolution equations. These are functions
on the real numbers set that can be represented uniquely in the form $
f=h+\varphi $, where $h$ (the principal term) is an almost automorphic
function and $\varphi $  is the ergodic perturbation.

It should be mentioned that, several discrete Lasota-Wazewska models have
been studied by many authors, see \cite{chen,saker}.

In order to illustrate some feature of our main results,  we
will apply them to some special systems and demonstrate the
efficiencies of our criteria.

\subsection*{Example}
Let us consider the following Lasota-Wazewska model with pseudo almost
periodic coefficients and mixed delays
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
x'(t) & =  -\alpha (t) x(t)
+\sum_{j=1}^{3}a_j(t) e^{-\omega _j(t)
\int_{-\infty }^{t}K_j(t-s)x(s)ds}
&\quad +\sum_{i=1}^{3}b_i(t) e^{-\beta _i(t)
x(t-\tau _i) }
\end{aligned}   \label{e1.6}
\end{equation}
where $\alpha (t) =8+\cos ^{2}\sqrt{5}t+\cos ^{2}t$,
\begin{gather*}
\begin{pmatrix}
a_1(t) \\
a_2(t) \\
a_{3}(t)
\end{pmatrix}
= \begin{pmatrix}
1+0.25\cos ^{2}\sqrt{2}t+0.25\cos ^{2}\pi t+\frac{0.5}{1+t^{2}} \\
0.5+0.25\cos ^{2}\sqrt{3}t+0.25\cos ^{2}\pi t+\frac{1}{1+t^{2}} \\
0.5+0.25\cos ^{2}\sqrt{5}t+0.25\cos ^{2}\sqrt{2}t+e^{-t^{2}\cos ^{2}t}
\end{pmatrix},
\\
\begin{pmatrix}
\omega _1(t) \\
\omega _2(t) \\
\omega _{3}(t)
\end{pmatrix}
= \begin{pmatrix}
0.125\cos ^{2}\sqrt{2}t+0.125\cos ^{2}\pi t+\frac{0.25}{1+t^{2}} \\
0.125\cos ^{2}\sqrt{2}t+0.125\cos ^{2}\pi t+\frac{0.25}{1+t^{2}} \\
0.125\cos ^{2}\sqrt{2}t+0.125\cos ^{2}\sqrt{2}t+0.25e^{-t^{2}\cos ^{2}t}
\end{pmatrix},
\\
\begin{pmatrix}
b_1(t) \\
b_2(t) \\
b_{3}(t)
\end{pmatrix}
=\begin{pmatrix}
1+0.25\cos ^{2}\sqrt{5}t+0.25\cos ^{2}\pi t+0.5e^{-t^{2}\cos ^{2}t} \\
1+0.25\cos ^{2}\sqrt{5}t+0.25\cos ^{2}\pi t+0.5e^{-t^{2}\cos ^{2}t} \\
1+0.25\cos ^{2}\sqrt{5}t+0.25\cos ^{2}t+0.5e^{-t^{2}\cos ^{2}t}
\end{pmatrix},
\\
\begin{pmatrix}
\beta _1(t) \\
\beta _2(t) \\
\beta _{3}(t)
\end{pmatrix}
=\begin{pmatrix}
0.125\cos ^{2}\sqrt{2}t+0.125\cos ^{2}\pi t+\frac{0.25}{1+t^{2}} \\
0.125\cos ^{2}\sqrt{2}t+0.125\cos ^{2}\pi t+\frac{0.25}{1+t^{2}} \\
0.125\cos ^{2}\sqrt{2}t+0.125\cos ^{2}\sqrt{2}t+0.25e^{-t^{2}\cos ^{2}t}
\end{pmatrix},
\end{gather*}
$\tau _1=1$, $\tau _2=1$, $\tau _{3}=1$ and $K_j(t) =e^{-t}$.
Then
\[
r =\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}\overline{\beta _i}
+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\overline{a_j}\overline{\omega _j}}{\underline{
\alpha }}
=\frac{3}{4}.
\]
Therefore, all conditions of the previous results are satisfied, then
Lasta-Wazewska model with a mixed delays \eqref{e1.6}  has a unique
pseudo almost periodic solution in the region
\[
\mathcal{B}=\big\{ x\in PAP(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{+}),R_1<|
x| <R_2\big\} .
\]
where
\[
R_2=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\overline{b_i}+\sum_{j=1}^{m}
\overline{a_j}}{\underline{\alpha }}=\frac{12}{8}=\frac{3}{2}
\]
and
\begin{align*}
R_1
&=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\underline{b_i}e^{-\overline{\beta _i
}R_2}+\sum_{j=1}^{m}\underline{a_j}e^{-\overline{\omega _j}
R_2}}{\overline{\alpha }} \\
&=\frac{\underline{a_1}e^{-\overline{\omega _1}R_2}+\underline{a_2}
e^{-\overline{\omega _2}R_2}+\underline{a_{3}}e^{-\overline{\omega _{3}}
R_2}+\underline{b_1}e^{-\overline{\beta _1}R_2}+\underline{b_2}e^{-
\overline{\beta _1}R_2}+\underline{b_{3}}e^{-\overline{\beta _{3}}R_2}
}{\overline{\alpha }} \\
&\leq \frac{e^{-\frac{1}{2}\frac{3}{2}}+0.5e^{-\frac{1}{2}\frac{3}{2}
}+0.5e^{-\frac{1}{2}\frac{3}{2}}+e^{-\frac{1}{2}\frac{3}{2}}+e^{-\frac{1}{2}
\frac{3}{2}}+e^{-\frac{1}{2}\frac{3}{2}}}{10} \\
&=5\frac{e^{-\frac{1}{2}\frac{3}{2}}}{10}=\frac{e^{-\frac{3}{4}}}{2}.
\end{align*}

\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bibitem{ait} E. Ait Dads, K. Ezzinbi;
\emph{Existence of positive
pseudo-almost-periodic solution for some nonlinear infinite delay integral
equations arising in epidemic problems}, Nonlinear Analysis, 41 (2000), pp 1--13.

\bibitem{amerio} L. Amerio, G. Prouse;
 \emph{Almost-Periodic Functions and
Functional Equations}, von Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1971.

\bibitem{amir} B. Amir, L. Maniar;
\emph{Composition of Pseudo Almost
Periodic Functions and Cauchy Problems with Operators of non Dense Domain},
Ann. Math. Blaise Pascal, 6 (1999), pp 1--11.

\bibitem{ammar} B. Ammar, F. Ch\'{e}rif, M. A. Alimi;
\emph{Existence and Uniqueness of Pseudo Almost-Periodic Solutions of
Recurrent Neural Networks with Time-Varying Coefficients and Mixed Delays},
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems,
23:1 (2012), pp 109--118.

\bibitem{chen} Ming-Po Chen, J. S. YU;
\emph{Oscillation and global attractivity in the discrete Lasota-Wazewska model },
Soochow journal of mathematics, Volume 25 No 1 pp 1-9 January 1999.

\bibitem{cherif} F. Ch\'{e}rif;
\emph{A various types of almost periodic
functions on Banach spaces}: Part 1, International Mathematical Forum,
6:19 (2011), pp 921--952.

\bibitem{cherif1} F. Ch\'{e}rif;
\emph{A various types of almost periodic
functions on Banach spaces}: Part 2, International Mathematical Forum,
6:20 (2011), pp 953--985.

\bibitem{cherif2} F. Ch\'{e}rif;
\emph{Existence and global exponential
stability of pseudo almost periodic solution for SICNNs with mixed delays},
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing, 39:1-2 (2012), pp 235--251.

\bibitem{cieutat} Philippe Cieutat, Samir Fatajou, Gaston M. N'Guerekata;
\emph{Composition of pseudo almost periodic and pseudo almost automorphic
functions and applications to evolution equations}, Applicable Analysis,
89:1 (2010), pp 11--27.

\bibitem{dads} E. A. Dads, P. Cieutat, L. Lhachimi;
 \emph{Positive pseudo almost periodic solutions for some nonlinear infinite
delay integral equations, Mathematical and computer modelling}, 49:3-4 (2009), pp
721--739.

\bibitem{diagana} T. Diagana, Eduardo M. Hern\'{a}ndez;
 \emph{Existence and uniqueness of pseudo almost periodic solutions to some
 abstract partial neutral functional--differential equations and applications},
Journal of
Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 327:2 (2007), pp 776--791.

\bibitem{gaines} R. E. Gaines, J. L. Mawhin;
\emph{Coincidence Degree and Nonlinear Differential Equations},
Springer, Berlin 1977.

\bibitem{gopalsamy} K. Gopalsamy, S. Trofimchuk;
 \emph{Almost periodic solutions of Lasota--Wazewska-type delay differential equation},
 J. Math. Anal. Appl, 327 (1999), pp 106--127.

\bibitem{hale} J. K. Hale;
\emph{Theory of functions differential equations}, Springer-Verlag, New York/Berlin
1977.

\bibitem{huang} Z. D. Huang, S. H. Gong, L. J. Wang;
 \emph{Positive almost periodic solution for a class of Lasota-Wazewska model
with multiple timing-varing delays}, Comput. Math. Appl, 61 (2011), pp 755--760.

\bibitem{kulenovic} M. R. S. Kulenovic, G. Ladas;
\emph{Linearized oscillation in population dynamics},
Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 49 (1987), pp 615--`627.

\bibitem{kulenovic1} M. R. S. Kulenovic, G. Ladas, Y. G. Sficas;
 \emph{Global attractivity in population dynamics}, Computers Math Applic,
18:10-11 (1989), pp 925--928.

\bibitem{young} Hong-xu Li, Huang, Fa-Lun, Ji-Yong Li;
 \emph{Composition of pseudo almost periodic functions and semilinear
differential equations},
Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 255:2 (2001) pp
436--446.

\bibitem{liu1} X. Liu, Y. Takeuchi;
 \emph{Periodicity and global dynamics
of an impulsive Lasta--Wazewska model}, J. Math. Anal. Appl, 327 (2007),
pp 326--341.

\bibitem{liu} G. Liu, A. Zhao, J. Yan;
 \emph{Existence and global attarctivity of unique positive periodic
solution for a Lasta--Wazewska model}, Nonlinear Anal, 64:8 (2006), pp 1737--1746.

\bibitem{guerekata} G. M. N'Guerekata;
 \emph{Almost Automorphic and Almost Periodic Functions in Abstract Spaces},
 Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2001.

\bibitem{saker} S. H. Saker;
\emph{Qualitative analysis of discrete nonlinear delay survival red blood
cells model}, Nonlinear Anal. RWA 9 (2008) pp 471--489.

\bibitem{saker1} S. H. Saker, S. Agarwal;
 \emph{Oscillation and global attractivity of a periodic survival red blood
cells model}, J. Dyn. Contin.
Disc. Impulsive Syst. Ser. B, 12:3-4 (2005), pp 429--440.

\bibitem{stamov} G. T. Stamov;
 \emph{On the existence of almost periodic
solutions for the impulsive Lasta-Wazewska model}, Appl. Math. Lett,
22 (2009), pp 516--520.

\bibitem{wang} L. Wang, M. Yu, P. Niu;
\emph{Periodic solution and almost
periodic solution of impulsive Lasota--Wazewska model with multiple
time-varying delays}, 64:8 (2012), pp 2383--2394.

\bibitem{lazota} M. Wazewska-Czyzewska, A. Lasota;
\emph{Mathematical problems of the dynamics of the red blood cells systems},
Annals of the Polish Mathematical Society Seires III Applied Mathematics
17, (1976), pp 23-40.

\bibitem{xiao} T. J. Xiao, J. Liang, J. Zhang;
\emph{Pseudo almost automorphic solutions to semilinear differential equations
in Banach spaces}, Semigroup Forum 76:3 (2008), pp 518-524.

\bibitem{yan} J. Yan;
 \emph{Existence and global attractivity of positive
periodic solution for an impulsive Lasta--Wazewska model}, J. Math. Anal.
Appl, 279 (2003), pp 111-120.

\bibitem{zha2} C. Zhang;
\emph{Pseudo almost periodic solutions of some
differential equations I}, J. Math. Anal. Appl, 181 (1994), pp 62--76.

\bibitem{zha3} C. Zhang;
 \emph{Pseudo almost periodic solutions of some
differential equations II}, J. Math. Anal. Appl, 7:192 (1995), pp 543--561.

\bibitem{zha1} C. Zhang;
\emph{Vector-valued pseudo almost periodic functions}, Czechoslovak Mathematical
Journal, Vol, 47:3 (1997), pp 385-394.

\bibitem{zhou} Hui Zhou ., Zongfu Zhou, Qi Wang;
\emph{Positive almost periodic solution for a class of Lasota--Wazewska model
 with infinite delays}, Applied mathematics and Computation, 2188 (2011),
pp 4501-4506.

\end{thebibliography}

\end{document}
